آزمون آنلاین زبان انگلیسی 2 - درک مطلب (Reading Comprehension) | آزمون شماره 6824

On 22 June 1429 A.D. Jamshid Kashani (Ghiyath al-Din), the famous Iranian scientist, died in the city of Samarkand, now in Uzbekistan. He traveled to that city to start teaching and continue his discoveries in space in the observatory there. For creating a chart for stars and providing an essential basis for completing the science of mathematics, he is known as one of the great men of the history of science. He found the exact value of π. It is true that this value was used by the Chinese many centuries before, but he considered that a small error in that value results in a large error when calculating the size of enormous circles like the  universe. In France, still, one of his math theories is being taught. His work also finds solutions to many complicated problems from physics. He has left behind a large number of compilations about astronomy and many devices he designed for finding planetary positions. 

Jamshid Kashani was born in city of Kashan in 1380 A.D. He measured the distance of many stars from the earth and the sun. He narrated his life at Samarkand during the time a famous observatory was being built there in two letters to his father in Kashan. The letters contained interesting information about the observatory building and the devices there. He was still working on his book when he died. Some people believe that he was killed by the ruler of that city, while others suppose he died a natural death.

The passage is mainly about Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid`s … .

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A few swimmers are attacked, and about six people are killed every year by sharks. Humans kill about one hundred million sharks every year. They are used for animal food, necklaces, fertilizer, shark-fin soup, shoes, wallets, and many other products. Sharks have been in existence for at least three hundred million years. They existed before, during, and after the dinosaur era. Today, there are about five hundred species of sharks living in the worldʼs oceans. These marine predators are just as important to the ecology of the oceans as wolves, lions, bears, and other land predators are to the balance of nature on land.

The smallest shark in the world is the dwarf lantern shark. It is about the size of a chocolate bar and feeds on small shrimps, the great white shark grows to at least twenty-three feet long. It is the largest predatory shark. For skin, all sharks have tiny tooth-like scales as tough as sandpaper.

They have gill slits for breathing oxygen from water and jaws that can shoot forward to grab prey. Each jaw has rows of razor-sharp replaceable teeth. Some sharks use 20,000 teeth in a lifetime. A sharkʼs skin is as sensitive as fingertips are to humans. Their ears can detect sounds too low for humans to hear. Their nostrils can detect scents in water. Gel pits in the nose can detect electrical impulses from the nerves of other animals. Sharks were designed for survival.

The underlined word “era” in the passage is closest in meaning to … .

We can understand from the passage that … . 

The underlined word “extended” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to … .